£Î£Ô£Ó£Â¡ÊÊÆ¹ñ²È±¿Í¢°ÂÁ´°Ñ°÷²ñ¡Ë¤Ï¥ß¥Í¥¢¥Ý¥ê¥¹¤Î¶¶Î»ö¸Î¤Î»ö¸Î²òÀϤò²þÄû¤·¤¿ ¡Ê£²¡¿£³¡Ë
NTSB UPDATE ON THE MINNEAPOLIS BRIDGE FAILURE ANALYSIS¡Ê£²¡¿£³¡Ë£Î£Ô£Ó£Â¡ÊÊÆ¹ñ²È±¿Í¢°ÂÁ´°Ñ°÷²ñ¡Ë¤Ï¥ß¥Í¥¢¥Ý¥ê¥¹¤Î¶¶Î»ö¸Î¤Î»ö¸Î²òÀϤò²þÄû¤·¤¿ ¡Ê£²¡¿£³¡Ë¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡By Charles C. Roberts, Jr., Ph.D., P.E.The conventional, post news conference, wisdom suggested that a design flaw in the structure was the cause of the collapse. This may be a premature conclusion because of the following: µ¼Ô²ñ¸«¤Ç¡¢¸¢°Ò¶Ú¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¹½Â¤·Á¼°¤ÎÀß·×¾å¤Î·ç´Ù¤¬Êø²õ¤Î¸¶°ø¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨º¶¤·¤¿¡£ This may be a premature conclusion because of the following: ¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤ÎÍýͳ¤ÎÁá´ü¤Ë²òÌÀ¤µ¤ì¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡§ 1. This bridge survived for a period of 40 years without collapsing. £±¡¥¤³¤Î¶¶¤Ï¡¢40ǯ¤Î´ü´Ö¤Ë¤ï¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¤¬Êø²õ¤»¤º¤Ë»ÈÌ¿¤ò²Ì¤¿¤·¤Æ¤¤¿¡£ If the apparent design flaw was so influential in the collapse, then why did the structure not collapse sooner. ¤â¤·¸½¾õ¤ÎÀ߷פ¬Êø²õ¤ËÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë±Æ¶Á¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤¿¤é¡¢¤Ê¤¼Åö³º¤Î¹½Â¤Êª¤¬Áá´ü¤Ë²õ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤«¤¬µ¿Ìä¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£ The answer lies possibly in an understanding of what the AASHO ¡ÈStandard Specification for Highway Bridges¡É means. ¤½¤ÎÅú¤¨¤Ï¤ª¤½¤é¤¯AASHO¤Î¡Ö¹â®ƻϩ¶¶É¸½à»ÅÍͽñ¡×¤Î¤Î°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¤òÍý²ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡£ It is essentially a calculation procedure with considerable safety margin to account for variability and uncertainties in design. ¤½¤ì¤ÏËܼÁŪ¤Ë¹½Â¤Àß·×·×»»¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤â¤Ï¡¢À߷פˤª¤±¤ëÉԳμÂÀ¤È²Ù½Å¤äºàÎÁ¶¯Å٤ΤФé¤Ä¤¤ò¹Íθ¤·¤Æ¹Ô¤¦¤«¤é¤À¡£ For instance, axial tension is limited to 27,000 pounds per square inch (psi) in the gusset plates, yet the high-strength-low-alloy structural steel (HSLA) from which they are made has yield strengths of around 50,000 psi or higher. Î㤨¤Ð¡¢¥¬¥»¥Ã¥È¥×¥ì¡¼¥È¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢ÌÌÆâÄ¥ÎϤËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï27,000(psi)[¥Ý¥ó¥É/Ê¿Êý¥¤¥ó¥Á]¤ò¸Â³¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¹â¶¯ÅÙÄã¹ç¶â¹½Â¤ÍѹݡÊHSLA¡Ë¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¹ßÉú±þÎϤÏÌó50,000 Psi¤«¤½¤ì°Ê¾å¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ Gusset Plate U10 calculated axial tension was 39,500 psi (Reference 1), which is higher than that allowed (27,000 psi) but lower than the yield strength of the material. Despite the apparent design error, a safety margin still existed in the design of this gusset plate. U10¥¬¥»¥Ã¥È¥×¥ì¡¼¥È¤ÎÌÌÆâÄ¥ÎϤϡʻ²¹Í1¡Ë¤Ë¤è¤ì¤Ð39,500 Psi¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ïµö²Ä±þÎϤǤ¢¤ë27,000 psi¤è¤ê¤ÏÂ礤¤¤¬¡¢¤³¤Î¹Ýºà¤Î¹ßÉú¶¯ÅÙ¤è¤ê¤âÄ㤤¡£ÌÀÇò¤ÊÀ߷ץߥ¹¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¤³¤Î¥¬¥»¥Ã¥È¥×¥ì¡¼¥È¤ÎÀ߷פˤϡ¢°ÂÁ´Â¦¤Î¥Þ¡¼¥¸¥ó¡Ê;Îϡˤ¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£ 2. The bridge has experienced two construction projects that have, according to the NTSB, added significant weight to the structure. £²¡¥NTSB¤Ë¤è¤ì¤Ð¡¢Åö³º¶¶Î¤Ϲ½Â¤Êª¤Î½ÅÂç¤Ê½ÅÎÌÁý²Ã¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤ë£²ÅÙ¤ÎÂ礤ʷúÀß¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ò·Ð¸³¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ Why didn't the bridge collapse after the addition of these dead loads? ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¸ÇÄê²Ù½Å¡Ê¼«½Å¡Ë¤ÎÄɲ䬤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ë¡¢¤Ê¤¼¤¹¤°¤Î¶¶¤ÎÊø²õ¤¬µ¯¤³¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤«¡© The answer lies in the suggestion that despite the apparent design error, significant safety margin existed (that is built into the AASHO calculation procedures), and the bridge accommodated the additional loading. ¤½¤ÎÅú¤¨¤Ï¡¢Äó°Æ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÌÀ¤é¤«¤ÊÀ߷ץߥ¹¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Ë¤â¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¡¢AASHO·×»»²áÄøÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿½ÅÍפʰÂÁ´¥Þ¡¼¥¸¥ó¡Ê;Îϡˤθºß¤¬Åö³º¶¶Î¤˲ٽŤÎÄɲ䬤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤òµöÍÆ¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¤¤¤¦»ØÅ¦¤¬¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ 3. Corrosion has been evident throughout the bridge structure. £³¡¥Éå¿©¤È¤¤¤¦ÌäÂê¤â¤³¤Î¶¶Î¤òÀȼ岽¤·Â³¤±¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤âÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ Figure 3 is a view of corrosive pitting found at the L11 gusset during an inspection in June, 2006. ¿Þ3¤ÏL11ÀܹçÉô¤Ë2006ǯ£¶·î¤Î¸¡ºº»þ¤Ëȯ¸«¤µ¤ì¤¿Éå¿©¤ÎÌÏÍͤǤ¢¤ë¡£ (Reference 3) Gusset L11 was one of the gussets that was apparently under-designed according to the NTSB. ¡Ê»²¹Í3¡Ë¥¬¥¼¥Ã¥ÈL11¤Ï¡¢NTSB¤Ë¤è¤ë¤ÈÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë²á¾®À߷פȤµ¤ì¤¿¥¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤Î°ì¤Ä¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ |
¥³¥á¥ó¥È¡Ê1¡Ë
¤³¤Îµ»ö¤ÎURL: http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/srfch485/58596344.html








