人工光合成

未来の表現6つの識別法

　　1. will は話している時に決意した行為。

　　'Is that the phone?' 'Don't worry . I'll et it.'
　　(｢あれ電話かな？｣｢いいわよ、ぼくが出るよ｣ )

　　It's late. I think I'll go to bed now.
　　(｢遅いな、さあ寝なくちゃ｣)


　　2. be going to do は、意図や話しいる時より前に決めていた予定で、その行為に向かって進んでいる (going) 。

　　I am going to see him tomorrow.
　　　(明日彼に会うつもりです。)

　　Sandra's going to have another baby in June.
　　　(サンドラは6月にもう１人赤ちゃんが産まれるのよ。PEU 189 )


　　3. 進行形で表す未来は、将来発生する行為の準備がすでに今行われていて(だから進行形)、予定が動かしがたい。

　　I'm seeing Larry on Saturday.
　　(土曜日にラリーにあう予定なの。)

　　We're traveling round Mexico next summer.
　　　(今度の夏メキシコ旅行をします。PEU 189）


　　4. be to do は公式発表的な硬い表現で新聞報道でよく使われ、計画や手筈に使われる 。

　　The Presidant is to visit Nigeria next month. Nigeria [naiD%iEriE]n. ナイジェリア 《西アフリカの ギニア 湾に臨む国;9800 万; ☆ ラゴス( Lagos)》
　　(大統領は来月ナイジェリアを訪問する予定です。)

　　5. 現在形が表す未来：時刻表や計画で確定しているときに使う。

　　Their plane arrives at 2 o'clock in the morining.
　　(彼らの乗った飛行機は午前2時に到着します。)

　　The next meeting of the committee is on November 5th.
　　(委員会の次の会合は11月５日です。)

　　We get off the train in Bristol and continue by bus. Bristol [br%istl]ブリストル (イングランド南西部のエイヴォン川に望む港市，41万)
　　(我々はブリストルで電車を降りてバスに乗り継ぎます。)

　　I'm away on holiday next week. Can you meet the week after?
　　(私は来週休暇に出ます。その翌週に会えませんか？AGU 26)

　　There is a full moon tonight.
　　　(今夜は満月です。)

　　　The sun rises at 5.16 tomorrow. AGU 26
　　　(太陽は5時16分に昇ります。)


　　6.be about to do 今まさに〜しようとしている

　　I was about to leave for work when the telephone rang. (T 310)
　　=I was on the point of leaving for work when the telephone rang.
　　(仕事に出かけようといているところへ電話が鳴った。(T 311)）

　　How does the mother know when the baby is about to be born? (Why)
　　(母親はどうして赤ちゃんが産まれる瞬間が分かるのですか)

Honorary Volunteer Special Constabulary Officers.

｢いじめ専門特別警官」


シンガポール警察がいじめ問題の本格的に取り組む姿勢の現れか？

　　シンガポールの中学校に特別に任命される調査員。

　　いじめ事件の調査を行う技術を備えた特別な先生｣で学生生活一般を扱う｢学生相談員｣とは別に任命されている。　



Schools take necessary actions to address bullying
May 18, 2007
WE thank the letter writers who had provided feedback to The New Paper on dealing with bullying in schools.
We wish to assure them that bullying in schools is regarded as a serious matter.
Our schools put effort into minimising such problems and ensuring a safe school environment for all our students.
During their growing years, children are learning about themselves and how to form healthy relationships with others.
Schools seek to guide them and help them understand that bullying is wrong. They also seek to equip students with the skills to handle challenging situations, and encourage them to seek help whenever necessary.
Schools also investigate all incidents of bullying and work to resolve them quickly.
Depending on the seriousness of the offence, they use counselling, mediation and/or disciplinary measures to educate and correct students on their misbehaviour.
The Ministry of Education is significantly enhancing counselling resources in schools.
We have provided secondary schools with full-time school counsellors. All primary schools and junior colleges/centralised institutes will have such counsellors by the end of 2008.
Other than school counsellors, most secondary schools have teachers who are Honorary Volunteer Special Constabulary Officers with the skills to conduct investigations into bullying cases.
Parents are schools' key partners in education.
Our schools value their support in inculcating in their children the need to respect and make friends with their peers, and in resolving problems.
Parents who have feedback about their children are advised to approach the school leader to discuss their views.
Such mutual support between parents and the school will help the children better learn from their experiences.
Our schools are committed to high standards of discipline. They will continue to take proactive measures in addressing discipline issues, and keep striving for improvement.


とは「いじめ事件の調査を行う技術を備えた特別な先生｣で学生生活一般を扱う｢学生相談員｣とは別に任命されている。シンガポールもいじめが吹き荒れているようだ。　
｢いじめ専門特別警官」と言うのが実情に合っているようだ。

もとの文に戻って、訳してみると

In a bit to extend the disciplining arm of the law into schools, Singapore police have begun selecting teachers to be made Honorary Volunteer Special Constabulary Officers.

(学校内部へ法の規律を強めようとして、シンガポール警察はいじめ対策特別警官になれる人の選定を始めた)

Honorary Volunteer Special Constabulary Officers.のことが載っている学校の説明文を読んでみて下さい。


Schools take necessary actions to address bullying
May 18, 2007
WE thank the letter writers who had provided feedback to The New Paper on dealing with bullying in schools.
We wish to assure them that bullying in schools is regarded as a serious matter.
Our schools put effort into minimising such problems and ensuring a safe school environment for all our students.
During their growing years, children are learning about themselves and how to form healthy relationships with others.
Schools seek to guide them and help them understand that bullying is wrong. They also seek to equip students with the skills to handle challenging situations, and encourage them to seek help whenever necessary.
Schools also investigate all incidents of bullying and work to resolve them quickly.
Depending on the seriousness of the offence, they use counselling, mediation and/or disciplinary measures to educate and correct students on their misbehaviour.
The Ministry of Education is significantly enhancing counselling resources in schools.
We have provided secondary schools with full-time school counsellors. All primary schools and junior colleges/centralised institutes will have such counsellors by the end of 2008.
Other than school counsellors, most secondary schools have teachers who are Honorary Volunteer Special Constabulary Officers with the skills to conduct investigations into bullying cases.
Parents are schools' key partners in education.
Our schools value their support in inculcating in their children the need to respect and make friends with their peers, and in resolving problems.
Parents who have feedback about their children are advised to approach the school leader to discuss their views.
Such mutual support between parents and the school will help the children better learn from their experiences.
Our schools are committed to high standards of discipline. They will continue to take proactive measures in addressing discipline issues, and keep striving for improvement.

へたれ

　　

　　まずは、「はてなダイアリー」さんより

　　
　　１．
　　
　　　情けなかったり臆病だったりすること。また、その人。もとは関西方言。語源は「へたる」という動詞の名詞化であって、「屁垂れ」ではない。

　　
　　以下の３項目は「ウィキペディア」さんより


　　２．

　　大阪の落語界において前座のことを指す隠語。掛け持ちもせずに一軒の寄席に「へたって（座り込んで）」いることから言う[1]。



　　３．

　一人前でない芸人を指す楽屋言葉。「屁垂れ」と書く[2]。



　　４．これは１．と重複する

　　情けない様子、または人物を指す俗語。一般に「ヘタレ」と表記。本項で詳述する。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　へたれ（ヘタレ）は、情けない、臆病な様子や人物を指す俗語（若者言葉）。

概要
元々は関西方言で「弱って座り込む」という意味の動詞「へたる」が名詞化したものである。時に「屁垂れ」とも漢字が当てられるが、これは誤用である。1990年代から21世紀の初頭にかけてテレビのバラエティ番組、お笑い番組などで使われるようになり、全国に広まった。類義語に「へちょい」、「へなちょこ」、「へっぽこ」等がある。

　　その他の用法
クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病（いわゆる狂牛病）では、牛海綿状脳症を発病した牛が「へたり牛」と呼ばれていたが、時に「へたれ牛」と誤用された。
中村うさぎのエッセイでは、腹がたつほど情けない者を「屁タレ」と記述する。
宮台真司は対談や自身のブログなどで「ヘタレ」をよく使用しており、小泉純一郎政権下において注目された「ネット右翼（宮台のいう「2ちゃん右翼」）」などに代表される小泉政権支持層を「ヘタレ保守」と呼んだ。「ヘタレ保守」については『現代用語の基礎知識 2008年度版』でも取り上げられている。


脚注
^ 木村義之、小出美河子編『隠語大辞典』2000年、皓星社
^ 米川明彦編『日本俗語大辞典』2003年、東京堂出版。本書は中田昌秀著『笑解 現代楽屋ことば』（1978年、湯川書房）より引用している。


　　なお、ヤフーさんの「知恵袋」で、英訳を「chicken」とされている方がいらっしゃいました。

cheeseburger

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A cheeseburger.A cheeseburger is a hamburger, accompanied with cheese. The cheese is usually sliced, then added a short time before the hamburger finishes cooking to allow the cheese to melt. In America the cheese that makes up a cheeseburger is usually American cheese, but there are many other possible variations. Mozzarella , blue cheese and cheddar are also popular choices.
The cheese in a cheeseburger substantially changes its nutritional value. For example, in comparison to their standard hamburger, with which it differs only by the slice of cheese, a McDonald's cheeseburger has 20% more calories, 33% more fat and 25% more protein .[1] Other types of cheese would have varying effects, depending on their nutritional content.


History

In 1924, Lionel Sternberger grilled the first cheeseburger in Pasadena, California. The date and place of this event has been called into question.[2] When Sternberger died in 1964, Time magazine noted in its February 7 issue that:
“ …at the hungry age of 16, [Sternberger] experimentally dropped a slab of American cheese on a sizzling hamburger while helping out at his father's sandwich shop in Pasadena, thereby inventing the cheeseburger…[3] ”
Others have claimed the invention of the cheeseburger as part of their local legend. Louisville, Kentucky-based Kaelin's Restaurant claims to have invented the cheeseburger in 1934.[4] The following year, the mark for the name "cheeseburger" was awarded to Louis Ballast of the Humpty Dumpty Drive-In in Denver, Colorado.


Variations

A cheeseburger from The HatA cheeseburger can be served with toppings such as pickles, tomatoes, lettuce, onions, fried egg, mushrooms or bacon slices. Typical condiments used include mustard, ketchup, mayonnaise and barbecue sauce.
A Jucy Lucy is a type of cheeseburger, developed and popularized in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where the cheese is placed inside the raw meat and then cooked until it melts.
There are also multiple patty cheeseburgers, with the name changing in correspondence to how many patties are used (two equals double, three equals triple, etc.).

漢字の復権 4

66. テーブル　→　食卓

　　英語の｢テーブル｣はさまざまな使われ方をする。


｢テーブル」は広がりを持ったものに使われる。

　　(１)｢食卓｣｢仕事台｣｢手術台｣｢作業台｣。これらは水平面にして特定の仕事をする台である。


　　(２)｢元素の周期表」も｢テーブル」である。これは特定の仕事をした結果を表示する表面である。前者は仕事を推し進める場であるのにたいして、表の方は仕事をした結果を知らせる面である。書物等の中で水平に扱われる場合もあるし、壁・掲示板などに垂直にも使われる。

　　やっぱり、それぞれを日本語では漢字にしたほうがいいようだ。

　　ほぼにほんごでは｢テーブル｣とは｢食卓｣だけに使うようである。





67. メニー　→　献立表


68. プースターシート　→　補助椅子


69. バーテン、バーテンダー　→　酒守(さけもり：食堂や居酒屋、酒を供給するところでお酒全般を管理し供給する人)