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Conventional clinical imaging techniques rely on the anatomical abnormality.
X-rays, Ultrasonography, CT and MRI are commonly used to detect or monitor organic abnormalities.
Molecular biology has been dramatically developed.
However, molecular imaging technologies are hardly translated from the laboratory to the clinic.
Clinicians still rely on conventional imaging techniques or their clinical experience to make a diagnosis.
Conventional imaging techniques are not able to detect small tumor.
It is non-specific, non-sensitive and even depends on clinical skills.
Cancer is treatable, if it is detected earlier.
Therefore, the early detection of tumors is definitely important to decrease the mortality of cancer.
How can we detect cancer at the early stage?
PET is a few available molecular imaging technology at the moment.
Its availability depends on radiolabeled probes.
FDG, a glucose analog, is a most frequently used PET agent.
FDG-PET is based on the future of accelerated glycolysis in the cancer, and allows to distinguish between normal tissue and malignant tumors.
FDG-PET is valuable tool, though it is nonspecific.
We could apply PET to various molecular imaging.
Other powerful molecular targets will expand its capacity.
However there are tough hurdles to find new PET agents.
Some trials like radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies against tumor specific antigens were explored, but unsuccessful.
MRI has also potential as a molecular imaging. It was applied to detect occult lymph-node metastasis by using superparamagnetic nanoparticles.
Screen for more sensitive and more specific biomarkers is a very challenging but worthwhile work for the detection of treatable cancer.
References
Science 312, 1168-1171 (2006)
N Engl J Med 348, 2491-2499 (2003)
Nat. Rev. Cancer 2, 683-693 (2002)
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