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http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2009/02/06/world/06japan3_190.JPG ¤³¤Î°¦¤é¤·¤¤¥Ù¥ë¡¼¥¬¤¿¤Á¤â¡¢¼º¤ï¤ì¤¿10ǯ¤ÎÃÖ¤ÅÚ»º¤À º£²ó¤Î¥Ë¥å¡¼¥è¡¼¥¯¥¿¥¤¥à¥º¤Îµ»ö¤Î¥¿¥¤¥È¥ë¤Ï¡¦¡¦¡¦ ¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤À¤¬¡¢·è¤·¤Æ¸«½¬¤¨¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¸À¤ï¤ÐÈ¿Ì̶µ»ÕŪ¤Ë³Ø¤Ù¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤À¡£ º£²ó¤Ï¤¢¤Î¥Ð¥Ö¥ëÊø²õ¸å¤ÎÆüËܤηʵ¤»É·ãºö¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤¢¤Þ¤ê¿·¤·¤¤¾ðÊó¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ÆâÍÆ¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢±ÑʸÆÉ²ò³Ø½¬¤Î¸«ÃϤ«¤é¤â¡¢È´¿èËÝÌõ¤È¤µ¤»¤ÆÄº¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ soar ¡Ú¼«Æ°¡Û¤½¤Ó¤¨¤¿¤Äsagging economy ²¼¹ß·Êµ¤¡¢Äã²¼¤¹¤ë·ÐºÑ¡¢ÄäÂÚ¤·¤¿·ÐºÑin a nutshell°ì¸À¤Ç¡Î¶Ë¤á¤Æ´Êñ¤Ë¡Ï¸À¤¨¤ÐTreasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner, who was a young financial attaché in Japan during the collapse and subsequent doldrums.¼ã¤Æü¤Î¥¬¥¤¥È¥Ê¡¼ºâ̳Ĺ´±¤Ï¡¢ÆüËܤΥХ֥ëÊø²õ¤È¤½¤Î¸å¤ÎÄãÌ´ü¤Ë¡¢·ÐºÑôÅöÂç»È´Û°÷¤È¤·¤ÆÆüËܤˤ¤¤¿¡£ Moreover, it matters what gets built: Japan spent too much on increasingly wasteful roads and bridges, and not enough in areas like education and social services, which studies show deliver more bang for the buck than infrastructure spending.¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢Åê»ñÀ褬ÌäÂê¤À¡£ ÆüËܤϤޤ¹¤Þ¤¹ÌµÂÌ¤ÊÆ»Ï©¤ä¶¶¤Ë¤ª¶â¤ò»È¤¤²á¤®¡¢¶µ°é¤äÊ¡»ã¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¡¢¸¦µæ¤Ç¤âÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢¥¤¥ó¥Õ¥éÀ°È÷¤è¤ê¤â»Ù½Ð¤Ë¸«¹ç¤¦²ÁÃͤΤ¢¤ëʬÌî¤Ë¤Ï½½Ê¬¤Ë»È¤ï¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£ In the end, say economists, it was not public works but an expensive cleanup of the debt-ridden banking system, combined with growing exports to China and the United States, that brought a close to Japan¡Çs Lost Decade. This has led many to conclude that spending did little more than sink Japan deeply into debt, leaving an enormous tax burden for future generations.·ë¶É¡¢·ÐºÑɾÏÀ²ÈÛ©¤¯¡¢ÆüËܤμº¤ï¤ì¤¿10ǯ¤ò½ª·ë¤µ¤»¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢¸ø¶¦»ö¶È¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¼Ú¶â¤Þ¤ß¤ì¤Î¶ä¹Ô¤Î°ìÁݤÈÃæ¹ñ¤ä¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Ø¤ÎÍ¢½Ð³ÈÂç¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡£ ·ë²Ì¡¢¤Ð¤é»µ¤«¤ì¤¿¸ø¶¦Åê»ñ¤ÏÆüËܤò¼Ú¶âÃϹö¤ÎÆàÍî¤Ø¤Ä¤Íî¤È¤·¤¿¤Ë²á¤®¤º¡¢¾Íè¤ÎÀ¤Âå¤Ëµð³Û¤ÎÀǶâ¤È¤¤¤¦²Ùʪ¤òÇØÉé¤ï¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤È¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î¿Í¤¬»×¤Ã¤¿¡£¤³¤³¤Ç¼ÁÌ䤬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹ ¢¬¤Î±Ñʸ¤Î¡¢¡Öbring a close to ¡Á¡×¤Ç¡¢ÆâÍÆ¤«¤é¹Í¤¨¤Æ¡¢¡Á¤ò½ª¤ï¤é¤»¤ë¤Ã¤ÆÌõ¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤Ê¤ó¤«½Ï¸ì¤È¤·¤Æ¤·¤Ã¤¯¤ê¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¦¡¦¡¦ Among ordinary Japanese, the spending is widely disparaged for having turned the nation into a public-works-based welfare state and making regional economies dependent on Tokyo for jobs. Much of the blame has fallen on the Liberal Democratic Party, which has long used government spending to grease rural vote-buying machines that help keep the party in power.¤³¤¦¤·¤¿¤Ð¤é»µ¤¤Ï¡¢ÆüËܤò¸ø¶¦»ö¶ÈÍê¤ß¤ÎÊ¡»ã¹ñ²È¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿·ë²Ì¡¢ÃÏÊý·ÐºÑ¤òÃæ±û°Í¸·¿¤Ë¤·¤¿¤È¡¢°ìÈ̹ṉ̃¤ËÈóÆñ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ ÈóÆñ¤Î¿¤¯¤Ï¼«Ì±Åޤ˸þ¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ ¼«Ì±ÅޤϤ³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤º¤Ã¤È¡¢À¯¸¢¤ò°Ý»ý¤·¤è¤¦¤È¡¢ÃÏÊý¤ÎɼÅĤò¹Ì¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¤ª¶â¤ò¤Ð¤é»µ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¿¤«¤é¤À¡£ Moreover, they say, any direct comparison of Japan and the United States is inevitably misleading, because Japan has spent so much more over the years on infrastructure. Having neglected its roads, bridges, water treatment plants and more over the years, the United States is bound to generate a greater payback for such spending than would Japan.¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢²¤ÊƤηкÑɾÏÀ²È¤Ï¸À¤¦¡¢ÆüËܤϤ¢¤Þ¤ê¤Ë¤âĹ´ü¤ËÅϤäƥ¤¥ó¥Õ¥éÅê»ñ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÆüËܤȥ¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Îñ½ãÈæ³Ó¤Ï¸í²ò¤òÈò¤±¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£ ¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Ï¤¢¤Þ¤ê¤Ë¤âĹ´ü¤ËÅϤäơ¢Æ»Ï©¤ä¶¶¡¢¿å½èÍý»ÜÀߤòÊü¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¿¤Î¤À¤«¤é¡¢ÆüËܰʾå¤Ë¤½¤¦¤·¤¿»Ù½Ð¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤«¤Ê¤êÂ礤ʤĤ±¤òʧ¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£ wholeheartedly ¡ÚÉû¡Û¿´¤ò¤³¤á¤Æ¡¢¿´¤«¤é¡¢¿´Ä줫¤ésnuff out ¾Ã¤¹¡¢»¦¤¹¡¢¾ÃÌǤµ¤»¤ë¡¢À¸Ì¿¤òÃ¥¤¦¡¢ÆÍÁ³½ª¤ï¤é¤»¤ë¡¢Ãưµ¤¹¤ësuffocate ¡Ú¾ư¡Û¡Ìȯã¤äÁϤÀ¤ò¡ÍÍÞ°µ¤¹¤ë¡¢²¡¤µ¤¨¤Ä¤±¤ëholdover ¡Ú̾¡Û¡ÌÁ°¤Î»þ´ü¤ä»þÂ夫¤é¤Î¡Í°äʪ¡¢»ý¤Á±Û¤·hourglass ¡Ú̾¡Ûº½»þ·×devoid of ¡Ôbe ¡Á¡Õ¡Á¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡¢¡Á¤ò·ç¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ëdud ¡Ú̾¡ÛÂÌÌܤʿ͡Îʪ¡Ï¡¢¼ºÇԡʺî¡Ë¡¢Ìò¤Ë¤¿¤¿¤Ê¤¤¿Í¡Îʪ¡Ï¡¢ÌòΩ¤¿¤ºÀè¿Ê¹ñ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Ï¡¼¥É¤è¤ê¥½¥Õ¥È¤ÎÅê»ñ¤¬¾Íè¤Ë·Ò¤¬¤ë¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¦ÏäǤ¹¤¬¡¢ÆüËܤϼº¤ï¤ì¤¿10ǯ¤Î´Ö¡¢»þ´Ö¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢¤«¤Ê¤ê¤Î¤ª¶â¤ò̵Â̸¯¤¤¤·¤Á¤ã¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ì¤ò²¿¤È¤«¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Í¡£ ¤È¤ê¤¢¤¨¤ºº£¤Ï¡¢ÇÀÀ¯²þ³×¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¦¡¦¡¦¤³¤Îµ»ö¤Ç¤â»ØÅ¦¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Áªµó¤ËÄ̤뤳¤È¤·¤«¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤Äñ¹³ÀªÎϤϡ¢¤ä¤Ï¤êÁªµó¤ÇÍî¤È¤¹¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤Í^_^; ¤µ¤Æ¡¢¥¯¥¤¥º¤Ç¤¹ ¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¸ø¶¦»ö¶È¤Ç¤¤¤Ä¤âÈãȽ¤ÎŪ¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¿¡Ö¤Ï¤³¤â¤Î¡×¤È¤¤¤¦Ã±¸ì¡¢¤³¤ì¤ò±Ñ¸ì¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È²¿¤À¤Èµ»ö¤ÎÃæ¤Ç½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡©
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