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¼ô¶µ¡¡¡¡Confucianism
¹¦»Ò Confucius
ÏÀ¸ì¡¡ the Analects of Confucius
¼ô¶µ¡¡Confucianism¡¡¡¡¡Ê¹¦»Ò¡§Confucius¡¡/kənfjúːʃəs/¡Ë
¼ë»Ò³Øthe teachings of Zhu Xi¡¢ neo-Confucianism¡¢Cheng-Zhu school
¼ô¶µ¡¡¡á½¡¶µ
¼ô³Ø¡áů³Ø
Ã˺½÷ÈÜ¡¡(the) domination of men over women Ã˺½÷ÈܤμҲñ¡¡¡¡a male¡¾dominated society.
´±ÂºÌ±ÈÜ Predominance of the government over the people
²Êµó Chinese higher civil service examinations ÌÒ»Ò¡¡ Mencius¡¡ /ménʃ(i)əs/¡¡¡Ú½ñ̾¡Û The Discourses of Mencius.
Ìһҡʤ⤦¤·¡¢µª¸µÁ°372ǯ? - µª¸µÁ°289ǯ¡Ë¤ÏÀï¹ñ»þÂåÃæ¹ñ¤Î¼ô³Ø¼Ô¡£¼ô¶µ¤Ç¤Ï¹¦»Ò¤Ë¼¡¤¤¤Ç½ÅÍפʿÍʪ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¼ô¶µ¤ÏÊÌ̾¡Ö¹¦ÌҤ浤¨¡×¤È¤â¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¡£¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¤½¤Î¸À¹Ô¤ò¤Þ¤È¤á¤¿½ñ¡ØÌһҡ١ʤ⤦¤¸¡Ë¡£ÀÁ±Àâ¤ò¼çÄ¥¤·¡¢¿ÎµÁ¤Ë¤è¤ë²¦Æ»À¯¼£¤òÌܻؤ·¤¿¡£¿Í´Ö¤ÏÀ¸¤Þ¤ì¤Ê¤¬¤é¤Ë¤·¤ÆÁ±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦»×ÁÛ¡ÊÀÁ±Àâ¡Ë
覻ҡʤ¸¤å¤ó¤·¡ËXunzi¡¡¡¡À°Àâ
Chinese Confucian philosopher who lived during the Warring States
Period and contributed to one of the Hundred Schools of Thought. ¡¡ Xunzi believed man's inborn tendencies need to be curbed through education and ritual, counter to Mencius's view that man is innately good. He believed that ethical norms had been invented to rectify mankind. Ï·»Ò¡¡ Lao¡¾tse¡¡ /lɑʊtsˈʌ/¡¡¡¡¸ÅÂåÃæ¹ñ¤Îů³Ø¼Ô¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢Æ»¶µÁϰƤÎÃæ¿´¿Íʪ¡£
a philosopher of ancient China, best known as the author of the Tao Te Ching (often simply referred to as Laozi) ¶µ¶µ¡Ê¤É¤¦¤¤ç¤¦¡¢Dàojiào¡¢±Ñ¸ì¡§ Taoism/tάʊɪzm/¡Ë¤Ï¡¢Ãæ¹ñ»°Â罡¶µ¡Ê»°¶µ¤È¸À¤¤¡¢¼ô¶µ¡¦Ê©¶µ¡¦Æ»¶µ¤ò»Ø¤¹¡Ë¤Î°ì¤Ä
Taoism (modernly: Daoism) is a philosophical and religious tradition
that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (modernly romanized as "Dao"). The term Tao means "way", "path" or "principle", and can also be found in Chinese philosophies and religions other than Taoism. In Taoism, however, Tao denotes something that is both the source and the driving force behind everything that exists. It is ultimately ineffable: "The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao." ¹Éð¡¡Sun Wu ¡Êbetter known as Sun Tzu or Sunzi ¹»Ò¡Ë Ãæ¹ñ¸ÅÂå¤ÎÉ𾡦·³»ö»×Á۲ȡ£Ê¼Ë¡½ñ¡ØÂ¹»Ò¡Ù¤Îºî¼Ô¤È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢Ê¼²È¤ÎÂåɽŪ¿Íʪ¡£½Õ½©»þÂå¤ÎÀƹñ½Ð¿È¡£¡Ö¹»Ò¡×¤Ïº¾Î¡¡ an ancient Chinese military general, strategist and philosopher who is traditionally believed to be the author of The Art of War ¡ØÂ¹»Ò¡Ù¡Ê¤½¤ó¤·¡Ëthe Art of War¡¡Ãæ¹ñ½Õ½©»þÂå¤Î»×Á۲ȹÉð¤Îºî¤È¤µ¤ì¤ëʼˡ½ñ¡£ an ancient Chinese military treatise attributed to Sun Tzu (also referred to as "Sun Wu" and "Sunzi"), a high-ranking military general, strategist and tactician, and it was believed to have been compiled during the late Spring and Autumn period or early Warring States period. ±¢ÍÛ²È the School of Yin-yan The School of Naturalists or the School of Yin-yang was a Warring States era philosophy that synthesized the concepts of yin-yang and the Five Elements ½ô»ÒÉ´²È¡Ê¤·¤ç¤·¤Ò¤ã¤Ã¤«¡ËThe Hundred Schools of Thought
Ãæ¹ñ¤Î½Õ½©Àï¹ñ»þÂå¤Ë¸½¤ì¤¿³Ø¼Ô¡¦³ØÇɤÎÁí¾Î¡£¡Ö½ô»Ò¡×¤Ï¹¦»Ò¡¢Ï·»Ò¡¢Áñ»Ò¡¢Ëϻҡ¢ÌÒ»Ò¡¢è¦»Ò¤Ê¤É¤Î¿Íʪ¤ò»Ø¤¹¡£¡ÖÉ´²È¡×¤Ï¼ô²È¡¢Æ»²È¡¢Ëϲȡ¢Ì¾²È¡¢Ë¡²È¤Ê¤É¤Î³ØÇÉ¡£ philosophers and schools that flourished from 770 to 221 BC during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, an era of great cultural and intellectual expansion in China. »²¹Í¡§
ÝÖ Yin¡¡ÝÖ²¦Ä«¡¡the Yin dynasty.
¼þ Zhou
½Õ½©¡¡ Spring and Autumn period (of Chinese history
Àï¹ñ¡¡ the Age of the Warring States.
¿Á Qin
´Á Han |
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