■二つの公開英原文■相違点◆日本国立環と世界権威ネイチャー◆原発事故で流出した汚染水◆＜東京電力福島第1原発事故＞巻き貝イボニシ全滅◆国立環境研究所調査を英科学誌「サイエンティフィックリポーツ」に掲載
 ■二つの公開英原文
■相違点
1、
 ◆国立環境研究所調査を英科学誌「サイエンティフィックリポーツ」に掲載
2、
イギリスの Nature Publishing Group (NPG) によって行われている。
 英文は全文あります。抜粋画像１枚 （Scientific Reports 掲載論文）
◆国立環境研究所調査を英科学誌「サイエンティフィックリポーツ」に掲載
◆＜東京電力福島第1原発事故＞巻き貝イボニシ全滅
◆原発事故で流出した汚染水
Decline in intertidal biota following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: field observations ■二つの公開英原文 ■相違点
■両文共に掲載
Figure 1 Numbers of intertidal species and the relative population densities of the rock shell (Thais clavigera) and dog whelk (Nucella freycineti) observed during surveys in 2012 along the coast of northeastern Japan.
■上記文には掲載なし
Figure 2 Size distribution of rock shell (Thais clavigera) specimens collected in 2012 at representative sites hit by the large tsunami in March 2011
■上記文には掲載なし
Figure 3 Concentrations of radionuclides in soft tissues of the Japanese grata limpet (Cellana grata) and the rock shell (Thais clavigera) collected in 2012.
■両文共に掲載
Figure 4 Total numbers of sessile species in intertidal zones, as sampled with a 50-cm × 50-cm quadrat in May–June 2013.
■両文共に掲載
Figure 5 Densities of sessile organisms (number m2) in intertidal zones (by elevation).
■両文共に掲載
Figure 6 Total wet-weight (g m2) of sessile organisms in intertidal zones (by elevation).
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Decline in intertidal biota after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and the Fukushima nuclear disaster: field observations
AbstractIn 2011, 2012, and 2013, in the intertidal zones of eastern Japan, we investigated the ecological effects of the severe accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant that accompanied the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The number of intertidal species decreased significantly with decreasing distance from the power plant, and no rock shell (Thais clavigera) specimens were collected near the plant, from Hirono to Futaba Beach (a distance of approximately 30 km) in 2012. The collection of rock shell specimens at many other sites hit by the tsunami suggests that the absence of rock shells around the plant in 2012 might have been caused by the nuclear accident in 2011. Quantitative surveys in 2013 showed that the number of species and population densities in the intertidal zones were much lower at sites near, or within several kilometers south of, the plant than at other sites and lower than in 1995, especially in the case of Arthropoda. There is no clear explanation for these findings, but it is evident that the intertidal biota around the power plant has been affected since the nuclear accident. IntroductionThree nuclear reactors of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), ・・・・・・see Supplementary Table S1). Gastropods (herbivorous and carnivorous snails) and crustaceans (crabs, hermit crabs and wharf roaches) were absent at almost all sites, with the exception of a limited number of small barnacles, mussels and limpets. Among the 16 sites surveyed, only one individual rock shell, Thais clavigera, was collected, at Namikura in the town of Naraha (identified as P4 in Supplementary Table S1). These observations were very unusual because these gastropods and crustaceans, as well as the rock shell, are usually observed in intertidal zones all over Japan14,15.
In April, July and August 2012, we performed detailed field surveys at 43 coastal sites in eastern Japan, not only in Fukushima (as the area impacted by higher radionuclide concentrations) but also in Chiba, Ibaraki, Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures (as areas exposed to lower or much lower radionuclide concentrations), which were also hit by the tsunami16 on 11 March 2011 (Supplementary Table S2). Additionally, in May and June 2013, we conducted quantitative surveys of sessile organisms at seven sites (Supplementary Table S2) representative of those used in the 2012 survey in terms of their substrate (i.e., tetrapods or similar concrete structures along the coast for wave protection) as well as their distance from FDNPP. We used a quadrat method to confirm declines in population densities and species numbers in the intertidal zones in the context of possible ecological effects caused by the Fukushima nuclear disaster accompanying the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. ResultsSurveys in 2012The number of animal species observed in the intertidal zones during the 2012 surveys ranged from 3 (Okuma, Fukushima Prefecture) to 21 (Kamogawa, Chiba Prefecture) (Fig. 1; Supplementary Table S2). The number of intertidal species decreased significantly with decreasing distance from the power plant (regression analysis; P = 0.000475 for the sites to the south of FDNPP (n = 16), P = 0.000036 for those to the north (n = 18)). The three animal species at Okuma, approximately 1 km south of FDNPP, were a barnacle (Semibalanus cariosus) and two herbivorous snails (limpet, Cellana grata, and periwinkle, Littorina (Littorina) brevicula). The sizes (i.e., shell length or height) of these barnacles and snails at Okuma were very small (see below) and the densities were very low (i.e., approximately 200 per m2). Most of the barnacles and periwinkles were around 5 mm or smaller and most of the limpets were around 10 mm—probably young-of-the-year (YOY).
Figure 1: Numbers of intertidal species and the relative population densities of the rock shell (Thais clavigera) and dog whelk (Nucella freycineti) observed during surveys in 2012 along the coast of northeastern Japan.
http://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/srep/2016/160204/srep20416/images_hires/m685/srep20416-f1.jpg
Dotted circle indicates a radius of 20 km from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in Fukushima Prefecture. Purple star marks the location of FDNPP. Red vertical bars on graphs and red dots on map indicate sites located within the 20-km radius of FDNPP. *The partial map of Japan in this figure was modified by the authors from the map of Japan at the following website: http://www.freemap.jp/item/japan/japan1.html. No rock shell (Thais clavigera) specimens were found at 8 of the 10 sites in Fukushima Prefecture within a radius of 20 km of FDNPP, surveyed on 24 and 25 April 2012, although specimens were collected at two sites north of FDNPP, namely Ukedo fishing port and Urajiri (identified as Minami-Soma A) (Fig. 1; Supplementary Table S2). All of these sites were hit by the tsunami on 11 March 2011. Because there were also no rock shell specimens collected at Hirono, surveyed on 10 April 2012, the area without rock shells extended from Hirono to Futaba Beach (identified as Futaba B), a distance of approximately 30 km (Fig. 1; Supplementary Table S2). These areas almost overlap within a 20-km radius of FDNPP but are slightly biased to the south (Fig. 1).
At 27 of the 33 sites other than the 10 within a 20-km radius of FDNPP, specimens of carnivorous snails, either rock shell or dog whelk (Nucella freycineti), were collected; no carnivorous snails were collected at the other 6 sites (Fig. 1). The 6 sites without carnivorous snails were also hit by the tsunami. They were not, however, geographically continuous but rather were isolated from each other (Fig. 1); this geographical distribution pattern differed from that of sites closer to FDNPP.
The shell height distributions of rock shell specimens collected at some sites hit by the March 2011 tsunami (which was more than 5 m high) showed that reproduction and subsequent recruitment of YOY juveniles had occurred in summer and autumn (during the rock shell reproductive season and thereafter) of 2011, even after the earthquake, tsunami and FDNPP accident. This is because some of the specimens had shell heights less than 12 mm and were considered to be YOY (e.g., from Minami-Soma A, Soma A and Shichigahama; Fig. 2) (see Supplementary Fig. S1 for the shell height distributions of rock shell specimens collected at other sites)16,17.
Figure 2: Size distribution of rock shell (Thais clavigera) specimens collected in 2012 at representative sites hit by the large tsunami in March 2011.
http://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/srep/2016/160204/srep20416/images_hires/m685/srep20416-f2.jpg
Red bar on each chart represents 12-mm shell height, which is that expected for 1-year-old rock shells17. ・・・ (Fig. 3). ・・・ (Fig. 3; Supplementary Table S3). ・・・ (Supplementary Table S3). The 110mAg:137Cs ratios in the limpet and ・・・・・・
Figure 3: Concentrations of radionuclides in soft tissues of the Japanese grata limpet (Cellana grata) and the rock shell (Thais clavigera) collected in 2012.
http://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/srep/2016/160204/srep20416/images_hires/m685/srep20416-f3.jpg
Red horizontal lines on x-axis indicate sites located within a 20-km radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). Numbers on the horizontal axis indicate sampling locations (see Supplementary Table S2). Surveys in 2013Figure 4: Total numbers of sessile species in intertidal zones, as sampled with a 50-cm × 50-cm quadrat in May–June 2013.
http://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/srep/2016/160204/srep20416/images_hires/m685/srep20416-f4.jpg
Purple star marks the location of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). Dotted circle on map indicates a radius of 20 km from FDNPP. *The partial map of Japan in this figure was modified by the authors from the map of Japan at the following website: http://www.freemap.jp/item/japan/japan1.html. Figure 5: Densities of sessile organisms (number/m2) in intertidal zones (by elevation).
http://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/srep/2016/160204/srep20416/images_hires/m685/srep20416-f5.jpg
L: lower intertidal zone; M: middle intertidal zone; U: upper intertidal zone. Data were collected by using a 50-cm × 50-cm quadrat in May–June 2013. Purple star marks the location of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). Dotted circle indicates a 20-km radius from FDNPP. Pink dotted line represents the average number of individuals per square meter from surveys of sessile organisms conducted in May 1995 by using a quadrat method at 20 sites along the coast of Fukushima Prefecture20. The average population density in 1995 was 7158 individuals/m2, consisting of Arthropoda (4593, 64.2%), Annelida (179, 2.5%), Mollusca (2348, 32.8%) and other organisms (38, 0.5%)20. *The partial map of Japan in this figure was modified by the authors from the map of Japan at the following website: http://www.freemap.jp/item/japan/japan1.html. Figure 6: Total wet-weight (g/m2) of sessile organisms in intertidal zones (by elevation).
http://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/srep/2016/160204/srep20416/images_hires/m685/srep20416-f6.jpg
L: lower intertidal zone; M: middle intertidal zone; U: upper intertidal zone. Data were collected by using a 50-cm × 50-cm quadrat in May–June 2013. Purple star marks the location of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). Dotted circle indicates a 20-km radius from FDNPP. *The partial map of Japan in this figure was modified by the authors from the map of Japan at the following website: http://www.freemap.jp/item/japan/japan1.html. In terms ・・・・・(Fig. 4). The maximum number of・・・・・FDNPP (Fig. 4). ・・・・・; Supplementary Fig. S2).・・・・・(Fig. 5). ・・・・・ (Fig. 5). ・・・・・(Supplementary Fig. S2). ・・・・・(Fig. 5).・・・・・ (Fig. 6). ・・・・・ (Fig. 6). ・・・・・・; Supplementary Fig. S2), ・・・・・ (Fig. 6). ・・・・・(Fig. 6). Discussion・・・・・, where the tsunami also hit (Fig. 2), it is unlikely that the absence of rock shells around FDNPP was caused only by the tsunami. The absence of rock shells at sites close to FDNPP (from Hirono to Futaba Beach,・ ・・・・・・ MethodsPreliminary survey in 2011・・・・・ Thais clavigera (Supplementary Table S1). The distributions of other intertidal biota, such as molluscs (bivalves, chitons, and herbivorous and carnivorous snails) and crustaceans (barnacles, crabs, hermit crabs and wharf roaches) were also observed.
Surveys in 2012In April, July and August 2012, ・・・・・・which were also hit by the tsunami on 11 March 201116 (Supplementary Table S2). The surveys were conducted at 10 sites within a 20-km radius of FDNPP in Fukushima Prefecture on 24 and 25 April 2012. ・・・・・
Surveys in 2013Surveys of sessile organisms were conducted at seven sites in Ibaraki, Fukushima and Miyagi Prefectures in May and June 2013 using 50-cm × 50-cm quadrats (Supplementary Table S2). The sites were representative of those used in the 2012 ・・・・・・
Quantification of radionuclidesConcentrations of radionuclides (gamma-・・・・・・・(Supplementary Table S4).
Data analysisWe performed regression analysis to test if the number of species in the intertidal zones differed significantly with distance from FDNPP in the 2012 and 2013 surveys. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to ・・・・・ |
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怒■国民を無視◆＜東京電力福島第1原発事故＞巻き貝イボニシ全滅◆原発事故で流出した汚染水◆国立環境研究所調査を英科学誌「サイエンティフィックリポーツ」に掲載■河北新報 2月5日
2016/2/7(日) 午前 1:59
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原発遅れる情報■重要事項隠匿と言い訳■原発の異常性、国調査で国民非公開が英国科学誌が掲載しました。■国民は何なんだ■英国科学誌：原文全文画像■
2016/2/7(日) 午後 0:15
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2016/2/7(日) 午後 10:21 [ ＫＩＫＩＴＡＴＡ ]
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