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¢ãÌÚ¼ÏÂÌõ´ÊάÈÇ¢ä¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè3ÈÇICHD-III(beta)¡Û¡Ú7¡¢¡Û·ÇºÜʸ¤Î¸¶Ê¸±Ñ¸ì¤ÈÏÂÌõ
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Such headache exists but has been poorly studied; Appendix entries are intended to stimulate further research into such headaches and their mechanisms.
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ25.9.17.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)¡¡
¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊƬÄˤϸºß¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢½½Ê¬¸¡Æ¤¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤;¡¡ÉÕÏ¿¤Îµ­ºÜ¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊƬÄˤª¤è¤Ó¤½¤Î¾¤Îµ¡½ø¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¤µ¤é¤Ê¤ë¸¦µæ¤òÂ¥¿Ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò°Õ¿Þ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
 
¡ÖSuch headache exists but has been poorly studied; Appendix entries are intended to stimulate further research into such headaches and their mechanisms.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 ÈÇ¡Û
¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊƬÄˤϸºß¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢½½Ê¬¸¡Æ¤¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£ÉÕÏ¿¤Îµ­ºÜ¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊƬÄˤª¤è¤Ó¤½¤Î¾¤Îµ¡½ø¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¤µ¤é¤Ê¤ë¸¦µæ¤òÂ¥¿Ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò°Õ¿Þ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
 (Such headaches exist but have been poorly studied and the appendix entries are intended to stimulate further research into such headaches and their mechanisms.)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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1¡¢¥Ö¥í¥°Åê¹Æ¡¡2013/8/13(²Ð) ¸áÁ° 10:08
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ICHD-3 beta is published. Use it immediately
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¢ãÌÚ¼ÏÂÌõ´ÊάÈÇ¢ä¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè3ÈÇICHD-III(beta)¡Û¡Ú7¡¢¡Û·ÇºÜʸ¤Î¸¶Ê¸±Ñ¸ì¤ÈÏÂÌõ
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ25.9.17.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)
 
 
 
 
b) headache has significantly improved in parallel with improvement in the non-vascular intracranial disorder
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ2013.8.23.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)
b)¡¡Èó·ì´ÉÀ­Æ¬³¸Æâ¼À´µÆ¬ÄˤÎÍ­°Õ¤Ê²þÁ±¤Ï¡¢¿äÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¸¶°ø¼À´µ¤Î²þÁ±¤È¡¢Ê¹Ԥ·»þ´ÖŪ´Ø·¸¤¬°ìÃפ¹¤ëŽ¡
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¡Öheadache has significantly improved in parallel with improvement in the non-vascular intracranial disorder¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۵­ºÜ¤Ê¤·
 
3. headache has characteristics typical for the nonvascular intracranial disorder
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ2013.8.23.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)
3¡¢Èó·ì´ÉÀ­Æ¬³¸Æâ¼À´µÆ¬Äˤˡ¢¸¶°ø¼À´µ¤Îŵ·¿Åª¤ÊÆÃħ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¡Ö3. headache has characteristics typical for the nonvascular intracranial disorder¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۵­ºÜ¤Ê¤·
 
4. other evidence exists of causation
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ2013.8.23.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)
4. ¸¶°ø((ºîÍÑ).°ø²Ì´Ø·¸)¤È¿äÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë¾¤Î¾Úµò¤¬(¸ºß¤¹¤ë¡¤¸½Â¸¤¹¤ë.)¤¢¤ë¡£
¡Ö4. other evidence exists of causation¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۵­ºÜ¤Ê¤·
 
D. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis.
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ2013.8.13.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)¡Ú7¡¢D¡Û¤È¡Ú7¡¢2¡¡D.¡Û¤È¡Ú7¡¢2¡¢3¡¡D.¡Û¤È¤â¶¦ÄÌ
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¡ÖD. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۵­ºÜ¤Ê¤·
 
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Headache persisting for more than 1 month after successful treatment or spontaneous resolution of the intracranial disorder usually has other mechanisms.
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ25.9.17.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)
Ƭ³¸Æâ¼À´µ¤Î¼£ÎÅÀ®¸ù¸å¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¼«Á³´²²ò¸å1 ¥õ·î°Ê¾å»ý³¤¹¤ëƬÄˤϡ¢Ä̾¤½¤Î¾¤Îµ¡½ø¤òÍ­¤¹¤ë¡£
¡ÖHeadache persisting for more than 1 month after successful treatment or spontaneous resolution of the intracranial disorder usually has other mechanisms.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 ÈÇ¡Û
Ƭ³¸Æâ¼À´µ¤Î¼£ÎÅÀ®¸ù¸å¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¼«Á³´²²ò¸å1 ¥õ·î°Ê¾å»ý³¤¹¤ëƬÄˤϡ¢Ä̾¤½¤Î¾¤Îµ¡½ø¤òÍ­¤¹¤ë¡£
(Headache persisting for more than 1 month after successful treatment or spontaneous resolution of the intracranial disorder usually has other mechanisms.)
 
Headache persisting for more than 3 months after treatment or remission of intracranial disorders is defined in the Appendix for research purposes.
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ25.9.17.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)¡¡
Ƭ³¸Æâ¼À´µ¼£ÎŸå¤Þ¤¿¤Ï´²²ò¸å¤Ë3 ¥õ·î¤òͤ¨¤Æ»ý³¤¹¤ëƬÄˤϡ¢¸¦µæÌÜŪ¤Î¤¿¤áÉÕÏ¿¤ËÄêµÁ¤¹¤ë¡£
 
¡ÖHeadache persisting for more than 3 months after treatment or remission of intracranial disorders is defined in the Appendix for research purposes.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 ÈÇ¡Û
Ƭ³¸Æâ¼À´µ¼£ÎŸå¤Þ¤¿¤Ï´²²ò¸å¤Ë3 ¥õ·î¤òͤ¨¤Æ»ý³¤¹¤ëËýÀ­Æ¬Äˤϡ¢¸¦µæÌÜŪ¤Î¤¿¤áÉÕÏ¿¤ËÄêµÁ¤¹¤ë¡£
(Chronic headache persisting for >3 months after treatment or remission of intracranial disorders is defined in the appendix for research purposes.)
 
 
 
Ï¢ºÜ¡¡4
 
 
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¢ãÌÚ¼ÏÂÌõ´ÊάÈÇ¢ä¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè3ÈÇICHD-III(beta)¡Û¡Ú7¡¢¡Û·ÇºÜʸ¤Î¸¶Ê¸±Ñ¸ì¤ÈÏÂÌõ
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ25.9.17.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)
 
 
 
¡ÚʸÀá3¡Û
For headache attributed to any of the non-vascular intracranial disorders listed here, the diagnostic criteria include whenever possible:
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ25.9.17.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)¡¡
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¡ÖFor headache attributed to any of the non-vascular intracranial disorders listed here, the diagnostic criteria include whenever possible:¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۵­ºÜ¤Ê¤·
 
A. Headache fulfilling criterion C
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ25.9.17.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)¡¡¡Ú7¡¢A¤ÏAny¤¬Ìµ¤¤.¡Û¤Ï¡Ú7¡¢2¡¡A. ¤ÏAny¤¬Í­¤ê¡Û¤È¡Ú7¡¢2¡¢3¡¡A. ¤ÏAny¤¬Í­¤ê¡Û¾¤Ï¶¦ÄÌ
A.ƬÄˤ¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¡£´ð½àC¤ÇŬÍѤ¹¤ë¡£¡¡
¡ÖA. Headache fulfilling criterion C¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۵­ºÜ¤Ê¤·
 
B. A non-vascular intracranial disorder known to be able to cause headache has been diagnosed
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¡ÖB. A non-vascular intracranial disorder known to be able to cause headache has been diagnosed¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
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C. Evidence of causation demonstrated by at least two of the following:
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¡ÖC. Evidence of causation demonstrated by at least two of the following:¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۵­ºÜ¤Ê¤·
 
1. headache has developed in temporal relation to the onset of the non-vascular intracranial disorder
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¡Ö1. headache has developed in temporal relation to the onset of the non-vascular intracranial disorder¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۵­ºÜ¤Ê¤·
 
2. either or both of the following:
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¡Ö2. either or both of the following:¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۵­ºÜ¤Ê¤·
 
a) headache has significantly worsened in parallel with worsening of the non-vascular intracranial disorder
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a)¡¡Èó·ì´ÉÀ­Æ¬³¸Æâ¼À´µÆ¬ÄˤÎÍ­°Õ¤ÊÁý°­²½¤Ï¡¢¿äÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¸¶°ø¼À´µ¤Î°­²½¤È¡¢Ê¹Ԥ·»þ´ÖŪ´Ø·¸¤¬°ìÃפ¹¤ë¡£
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¡Öheadache has significantly worsened in parallel with worsening of the non-vascular intracranial disorder¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۵­ºÜ¤Ê¤·
 
 
 
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¢ãÌÚ¼ÏÂÌõ´ÊάÈÇ¢ä¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè3ÈÇICHD-III(beta)¡Û¡Ú7¡¢¡Û·ÇºÜʸ¤Î¸¶Ê¸±Ñ¸ì¤ÈÏÂÌõ
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Introduction
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µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 Èǡ۽ï¸À(Introduction)
 
¡ÚʸÀá1¡Û
In this chapter, the headaches are attributed to changes in intracranial pressure.
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¡ÖIn this chapter, the headaches are attributed to changes in intracranial pressure.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
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(In this chapter are the headaches attributed to changes in intracranial pressure.)
 
Both increased and decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure can lead to headache.
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¡ÖBoth increased and decreased cerebrospinal fluid CSF pressure can lead to headache.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
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(Both increased and decreased CSF pressure can lead to headache.)
cerebrospinal fluid¡¡ CSF; ǾÀÔ¿ñ±Õ; ¿ñ±Õ
 
Other causes of headache here are non-infectious inflammatory diseases, intracranial neoplasia, seizures, rare conditions such as intrathecal injections and Chiari malformation type I, and other non-vascular intracranial disorders.
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¡ÖOther causes of headache here are non-infectious inflammatory diseases, intracranial neoplasia, seizures, rare conditions such as intrathecal injections and Chiari malformation type I, and other non-vascular intracranial disorders.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 ÈÇ¡Û
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(Other causes of headache here are non-infectious inflammatory diseases, intracranial neoplasia, seizures, rare conditions such as intrathecal injections and Chiari malformation type I, and other non-vascular intracranial disorders.)
 
¡ÚʸÀá2¡Û
Compared with those on primary headaches, there are few epidemiological studies of these headache types.
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¡ÖCompared with those on primary headaches, there are few epidemiological studies of these headache types.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 ÈÇ¡Û
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(Compared to those on primary headaches, there are few epidemiological studies on these headache types.)
 
Controlled trials of therapy are almost non-existent.
(ÌÚ¼¸Ä¿ÍÏÂÌõ25.9.17.ºîÀ®ÈÇ)¡¡
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¡ÖControlled trials of therapy are almost non-existent.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
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(Controlled trials of therapy are almost non-existent.)
 
 
 
Ï¢ºÜ¡¡2
 
 
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¢ãÌÚ¼ÏÂÌõ´ÊάÈÇ¢ä¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè3ÈÇICHD-III(beta)¡Û¡Ú7¡¢¡Û·ÇºÜʸ¤Î¸¶Ê¸±Ñ¸ì¤ÈÏÂÌõ
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¾åµ­¤Î(¡¡)¤ò¡¢³°¤·¤ÆÏÂÌõ¡¦¾åµ­¤Î(¡¡/¡¡)¤ò¡¢³°¤·¤ÆÏÂÌõ
¡ÖWhen a pre-existing headache with the characteristics of a primary headache disorder becomes chronic, or is made significantly worse usually meaning a two-fold or greater increase in frequency and or severity, in close temporal relation to a non-vascular intracranial disorder, both the initial headache diagnosis and a diagnosis of 7. Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder or one of its subtypes should be given, provided that there is good evidence that the disorder can cause headache.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
 
µì¡Ú¹ñºÝƬÄËʬÎàÂè2 ÈÇ¡Û
¡ÖWhen a pre-existing primary headache is made worse in close temporal relation to an intracranial disorder, there are two possibilities, and judgment is required. The patient can either be given only the diagnosis of the pre-existing primary headache or be given both this diagnosis and the diagnosis of headache attributed to the intracranial disorder. Factors that support adding the latter diagnosis are: a very close temporal relation to the intracranial disorder, a marked worsening of the pre-existing headache, very good evidence that the intracranial disorder can aggravate the primary headache and, finally, improvement or resolution of the headache after relief from the intracranial disorder.¡×¤ò¡ÖWeblioËÝÌõ¡×¤ÇËÝÌõ¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
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Æâ¼À´µ·Ú²÷¸å¤ËƬÄˤβþÁ±¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¾Ã¼º¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
 
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³ÎÄ꤫¡¢µ¿¤¤¤«¡¢¤Þ¤¿¤ÏËýÀ­¤«¡©(Definite, probable or chronic?)
¡ÖÈó·ì´ÉÀ­Æ¬³¸Æâ¼À´µ¤Ë¤è¤ëƬÄˡפοÇÃǤγÎÄê¤Ï¡¢¸¶°ø¼À´µ¤Î¼£ÎŤˤè¤ë²þÁ±¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¼«Á³´²²ò¸å¤ËƬÄˤ¬¾Ã
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¤½¤ÎƬ³¸Æâ¼À´µ¤Î¼£ÎŤ¬ÁÕ¸ù¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¼«Á³´²²ò¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¸ú²ÌŪ¤Ê¼£ÎŤª¤è¤Ó¼«Á³´²²ò¤òÆÀ¤ë¤Î¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Ê»þ´Ö¤¬·Ð²á¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¡ÖÈó·ì´ÉÀ­Æ¬³¸Æâ¼À´µ¤Ë¤è¤ëƬÄˤε¿¤¤¡×¤Î¿ÇÃǤòŬÍѤ¹¤ë¤Î¤¬ÄÌÎã¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¸¶°ø¼À´µ¤¬¼£ÎŤˤè¤ê²þÁ±¤·¤¿¤«¼«Á³´²²ò¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢3 ¥õ·î°Ê¹ß¤ËƬÄˤξüº¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÃø
ÌÀ²þÁ±¤¬¤ß¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢A7¡¥10¡ÖƬ³¸Æâ¼À´µ¸åËýÀ­Æ¬ÄˡפοÇÃǤò¹Íθ¤·¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£
¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊƬÄˤϤ¢¤Þ¤êÊó¹ð¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¡¢ÉÕÏ¿¤Ø¤Îµ­ºÜ¤Ëα¤á¤ë¡£°ø²Ì´Ø·¸¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤è¤êŬÀڤʴð½à¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢º£¸å¤Î¸¦µæ¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£
(A diagnosis of Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder usually becomes definite only when the headache resolves or greatly improves after effective treatment or spontaneous remission of the causative disorder. If the intracranial disorder cannot be treated effectively or does not remit spontaneously, or when there has been insufficient time for this to happen, a diagnosis of Headache probably attributed to a non-vascular intracranial disorder is usually applied.)
(The alternative, when the causative disorder is effectively treated or remits spontaneously but headache does not resolve or markedly improve after 3 months, is a diagnosis of A 7.10 Chronic post-intracranial disorder headache. This is described only in the appendix as such headaches have been poorly documented, and research is needed to establish better criteria for causation.)
 
 
 

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