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The solution to pollution is dilution. Radioactive debris and food are diluted and spread far and wide to all corners of the country.
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2012/01/22
Chernobyl: Crime without Punishment - Disturbing parallels between Chernobyl and Fukushima ¥Á¥§¥ë¥Î¥Ö¥¤¥ê¡§È³¤Ê¤·¤ÎÈȺá - ¥Á¥§¥ë¥Î¥Ö¥¤¥ê¤ÈÊ¡Åç¤Î¼ÙËâ¤ÊÎà»÷ÅÀ
Book Review
Chernobyl: Crime without Punishment by Alla, A. Yaroshinskaya ½ñɾ
¡ÊÃí¡ËËÜʸ¤ÏĹʸ¤Ç¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¢°Ê²¼¤Ï°ìÉôÈ´¿è¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£ Ms. Yaroshinskaya presents the victims¡Ç cases in their own voices, and what emerges are stories that resemble the experiences of rape victims. First there is an assault on the body (by radiation) then there are the insults and humiliation experienced in the pursuit of justice. A typical letter is this one:
¡¡¡¡ ¥ä¥í¥·¥ó¥¹¥«¥äÉØ¿Í¤ÏÈï³²¼Ô¤ÎÁʾ٤òÈà½÷¤é¼«¿È¤ÎÀ¼¤Çȯɽ¤·¡¢¤½¤·¤ÆÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ï¥ì¥¤¥×Èï³²¼Ô¤Î·Ð¸³¤Ë»÷¤¿ÏäǤ¹¡£ºÇ½é¤Ë¡ÊÊü¼ÍÀþ¤Ë¤è¤ë¡Ë¿ÈÂΤؤι¶·â¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤ì¤«¤éÀµµÁ¤ÎÄɵá¤Ç·Ð¸³¤µ¤ì¤¿Éî¿«¤È¶þ¿«¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£Åµ·¿Åª¤Ê¼ê»æ¤Ï¤³¤ì¤Ç¤¹¡§
I am not yet 32 years old, but I find myself in a hospital bed several times a year. And all of my four children (under 12) are also ill most of the time (they feel weak and listless, they have joint pains in arms and legs, their hemoglobin is below normal, they have enlarged thyroid and lymph nodes, headaches, stomach pains, constant colds). And it is the same in every family. We want to live. We want our kids to live and grow up healthy, and have a future. But through heartlessness, callousness and cruelty of those on whom our lives and the lives of our children depend, we are condemned to the worst possible fate, and we are only too well aware of that... We have had to eat, drink and breathe radiation for years, waiting for our last day.
- Valentina Nikolaevna Okhremchuk,
mother of four little boys, speaking for all the mothers of Olevshchin
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- Valentina Nikolaevna Okhremchuk¡¢
Olevshchina¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÊì¿Æ¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËÏä¹4¿Í¤ÎÃˤλҤÎÊì¿Æ
One might say that one letter like this would prove nothing, but the fact is that there were hundreds of them signed by thousands of petitioners sharing the same experiences, so the narrative becomes impossible to deny.
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Another category of victim was made up of the 800,000 liquidators who battled the reactor fire and built the structure that sealed off the danger from the environment.
The common understanding of radiation effects predicted that the Chernobyl liquidators would get cancer at some time decades later, but instead the most common observation was generalized premature aging. Men who went into battle in the prime of their youth were dying ten years later from heart attacks and strokes.
They suffered from immune and digestive disorders–a general decline in every aspect of biological function.
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Since these disorders could be classified as health conditions normally found in the general population, the official stance was that they were not related to radiation exposure.
Complaints were dismissed as ¡Èradiophobia,¡É and declines in health were linked to the social upheaval and economic decline of the times. One victim quoted in the book snarled sarcastically that yes, he was getting ¡Èradiophobia.¡É He was afraid to turn on the radio and listen to the nonsense spouted from official media sources.
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Ms. Yaroshinskaya concludes that the victims in the villages and the Chernobyl veterans were totally marginalized and abandoned by successive governments.
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The list below shows some of the parallels between the Soviet and Japanese responses to their nuclear disasters:
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1. In the initial days there is lying, misinformation, and a deliberate attempt to avoid causing a panic.
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2. Data on fallout, wind direction and so on is gathered but kept secret.Government claims to have experienced breakdowns and chaotic conditions that made data collection impossible.
2.¹ß²¼Êª¡¢É÷¸þ¤Ê¤É¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Ï½¸¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬ÈëÌ©¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£À¯Éܤϡ¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¼ý½¸¤òÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤¿¸Î¾ã¤ä»ÙÎ¥ÌÇÎö¤Î¾õ¶·¤ò·Ð¸³¤·¤¿¤ÈÃǸÀ¤·¤Æ¡Ê¸íËâ²½¤·¤Æ¡Ë¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
3. Reports go out that potassium iodide has been given to the population at risk, but in fact most people who need it don¡Çt get it.
3. ¥è¥¦²½¥«¥ê¥¦¥à¤Ï¡¢´í¸±¤Ë¤µ¤é¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¡¹¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤ÎÊó¹ð¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤½¤ì¤òɬÍפȤ¹¤ë¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¿Í¤Ï¤½¤ì¤òÆÀ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
4. The legal tolerance level for radiation is increased.
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5. Leadership is surprisingly ignorant about the science and the pre-existing state of the nation¡Çs reactors. Government seems impotent, incompetent, paralyzed and unable to direct resources to the problem.
5.»ØÆ³¼Ô¤Ï²Ê³Ø¤È¹ñ²È¤Î¸¶»Òϧ¤Î´û¸¤Î¾õÂ֤ˤĤ¤¤Æ¶Ã¤¯¤Û¤É̵ÃΤǤ¹¡£À¯ÉܤÏ̵ÎÏ¡¢ÌµÇ½¡¢Ëãá㤷¡¢ÌäÂê¤Ë»ñ¸»¡Ê¿Í¡¦Êª¡¦¶â¡Ë¤ò¸þ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£
6. Evacuation is delayed, then months or years later residents are pressured to return to contaminated land. Officials go into deep denial about the extent of the damage and pour resources into hopeless efforts at decontamination and remediation.
6.ÈòÆñ¤¬ÃÙ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢¿ô¥ö·î¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¿ôǯ¸å¤Ë½»Ì±¤Ï±øÀ÷¤µ¤ì¤¿ÅÚÃϤËÌá¤ë¤è¤¦°µÎϤò¤«¤±¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£Åö¶É¼Ô¤ÏÈï³²¤Î¿¼¹ï¤µ¤ò¤¤Ã¤Ñ¤ê¤ÈÈÝÄꤷ¡¢½üÀ÷¤È½¤Éü¤ÎÀä˾Ū¤Ê¼è¤êÁȤߤ˻ñ¸»¤òÃí¤®¤Þ¤¹¡£
7. National wealth is invested in restoring communities in contaminated areas, then when this mistake is realized, governments cannot acknowledge it.
7.¹ñ¤ÎÉ٤ϡ¢±øÀ÷¤µ¤ì¤¿Ãϰè¤ÎÃϰè¼Ò²ñ¤Î²óÉü¤ËÅê»ñ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¸å¡¢¤³¤ÎÅê»ñÆâÍÆ¤Î²á¤Á¤Ëµ¤ÉÕ¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢À¯Éܤϲá¤Á¤òǧ¤á¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
8. The solution to pollution is dilution. Radioactive debris and food are diluted and spread far and wide to all corners of the country.
8.±øÀ÷¤ËÂФ¹¤ë²ò·èºö¤Ï´õ¼á¤Ç¤¹¡£Êü¼ÍÀ¤ÎÇËÊҤ俩¤Ùʪ¤Ï´õÇö²½¤µ¤ì¡¢¹ñÃæ¤Î¤¤¤¿¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤Ë¹¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
9. There is no large-sum settlement fee offered to those who want to resettle far away. Surviving family members of the victims of the collapse of the World Trade Center in New York received million-dollar settlements that allowed them to restart their lives, but there is no such compensation after a nuclear disaster. Instead, various cynical schemes like vouchers and monthly allotments are slowly dripped out in such a way as to tie impoverished people to the land that the government wants to declare ¡Èremediated.¡É 9.±ó¤¯¤ËºÆÄê½»¤·¤¿¤¤¿Í¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¹â³Û¤ÎÊä½þ¹ç°Õ¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
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10. Funds donated by individuals are misappropriated and used in ways that would outrage the donors. The funds raised by the first public charity ever allowed in the USSR were redirected away from victims then put toward funding visits by foreign scientists who were ushered through the disaster zones by officially appointed obfuscators. In Fukushima, funds from the German Red Cross are being used to build a kindergarten in one of the highly contaminated towns just outside the exclusion zone.
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11. Reactor designers, electrical utility management and regulators will attempt to escape liability and prosecution, usually with success¡£ In the case of Chernobyl, station staff were scapegoated and sent to jail, but no one else was prosecuted for the ultimate causes of the accident or the failure afterwards to protect citizens.
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12. Scientific and medical opinion is controlled through state support to such an extent that the official conclusions become unassailable. The disaster is declared to have had overall minimal effects on public health, and this becomes the consensus view accepted throughout the world, including by United Nations agencies. Numerous Japanese ¡Èexperts¡É on Chernobyl visited the area repeatedly, but their interpretations of the catastrophe were shaped by the state-sponsored scientific and medical community that filtered their interpretations. When disaster struck Fukushima, these misinformed experts repeated the insulting references to radiophobia, and they were put in charge of managing the public health crisis and leading the government¡Çs public relations campaign.
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14.¸¶»ÒÎϺҳ²¤Ë¤è¤ë´Ä¶¤È¼Ò²ñ¹½Â¤¤ÎÇ˲õ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¿¼¤¤¡¢¹ÈϰϤˤ錄¤ëÈÝÄ꤬¤¢¤ê¡¢¼Ò²ñ¤Ï¤³¤ÎÌÑÁÛ¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÀ¤³¦¤Î¸¶»ÒÎÏ»º¶È¤È¹ñÏ¢¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½õ¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¡ÊÈéÆù¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ë¡¢ÆüËܤιñ±Ä¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢NHK¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤ò¡¢IAEA¤Ë¤è¤ë¥½¥Ó¥¨¥È¤Î¸ø¼°±³¤ÎºÎÂò¤òÈóÆñ¤¹¤ë1996ǯ¤ÎÊó¹ð¤Ç¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤¿¡£¡ÊÃæÎ¬¡Ë
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16. Just as Chernobyl was a major cause of the collapse of the Soviet system, the meltdowns in Fukushima may play a part, or be a symptom of, fundamental problems with modern capitalism.
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Chernobyl: Crime Without Punishment is an essential, powerful wake-up call to the human race to pull out of its state of denial over global nuclear hazards.
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Chernobyl was supposed to have been ¡Èthe final warning,¡É but we¡Çll have to say this now about Fukushima. One line that stuck with me after putting the book down was a Russian proverb that Ms. Yaroshinskaya uses to comment on the neglect of Chernobyl victims:
¥Á¥§¥ë¥Î¥Ö¥¤¥ê¤Ï¡ÖºÇ¸å¤Î·Ù¹ð¡×¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤·¤¿¡¢¤·¤«¤·²æ¡¹¤Ïº£Ê¡Åç¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤³¤ì¤ò¸À¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£Ëܤò½ñ¤¤¤¿¸å¤Ë»ä¤Ë¤È¤É¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥Á¥§¥í¥Î¥Ö¥¤¥ê¤Îµ¾À·¼Ô¤ò̵»ë¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥ä¥í¥·¥ó¥¹¥«¥ä¤µ¤ó¤¬»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¥í¥·¥¢¤Î¤³¤È¤ï¤¶¤Ç¤¹¡£
Deception can take you wherever you want to go, but it can¡Çt bring you back. It applies equally to self-deception.
Keep that in mind if you think the nuclear waste scattered over the planet–some of it ¡Èsafely¡É contained in temporary storage, some of it in the soil and water, some in your bones–is an issue we can afford to ignore once again.
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