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Calling of St. Matthew, Caravaggio, 1599 - 1600
Caravaggio's paintings style also arose as a reaction to mannerism, It offered a new and
promising path for the future that led in the direction of naturalism, as Caravaggio declared
and as his biographers and contemporary theorists clearly recognize. Thus the specific
solution he found, and not only his general role as an innovator, relates him to Giotto and
Masaccio, two artists who had discovered a way out of a stylistic impasse through the direct
study of pbjective reality. This of course does not mean that Caravaggio was out of step with
his times, independent of other stylistic tendencies, or disdainful of the study of the art
of earlier masters. Unlike his contemporaries, who saw onle the innovative aspect of his art
( and in some cases even judged it negatively ), we perceive in Caravaggio's paintings the
influence of such artists as Raphael and Michelangelo. But we are surprised by the
intelligence with which he used what he drew from the great art of the past, in accordance
with his own very personal principles.
Caravaggio's naturalistic outlook had important, if incomplete, precedents that are closely
related to the region where he was born and trained as an artist. Michelangelo Merisi ( this
was Caravaggio's real name ) was born, to Fermo Merisi and Lucia Aratori, in 1570 or 1571.
Whether his precise birthplace was Caravaggio, or Milan, as recent research suggests, is
uncertain. The town of Caravaggio is not far from Treviglio, in an area of Lombardy that is
closer to Bergamo than to Milan. Michelangelo's father died a young man. What he did for a
living is unknown, but it seems he was an architect, or at least a master builder, and that
his family was fairly well to do. In 1584 the young Mersi entered the workshop of the mediocre
Milanese mannerist painter Simone Peterzano. Judging from his contract, he stayed there for
four years ; a document of 1589 shows that he was again at Caravaggio. When he moved to Rome,
in all likelihood in the second half of 1592, he was already more than twenty years old, and
he probably was not at the very beginning of his career.
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