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昨日、下院で委員会が開かれ、H.R.1908法案の修正が認められました。
以下の点に修正が加わっています。
1.Inequitable Conduct
2.管轄
3.ベストモードの変更
4.7年毎の先使用権に関する調査
5.先出願主義に関する調査
6.損害賠償(裁判所の裁量)
7.税金プラン
Inequitable Conductの規定が特に気になります。
このInequitable Conductの規定がそのまま立法化されると、出願人は、特許性に関するサーチレポート、その他の情報、そしてその分析に関する情報を特許庁に提出することが要求されます。もし、その要求にこたえられない場合は、出願が放棄されたとみなされるというものです。Small Entityにはこの規定が適用されないとする例外規定がございます。
今まで裁判所は、米国特許庁の施行規則あるいはMPEPに従い、「出願人、あるいはその代理人等が特許庁に対しIDSを提出しなかったことでInequitable Conductがあったか否か」を判断する際、「特許庁に提出されなかった情報の重要性(Materiality)」と「提出しなかった者の意図(Intent)」を総合的に判断してInequitable Conductがあったか否かを判断していました。
今回の法改正案では、その重要性と意図を特許法で定義している点が注目されます。
以下に、Inequitable Conductに関する規定(法案)の一部を添付いたします。
今泉
patentblog@yahoo.co.jp
SEC. 11. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION; INEQUITABLE CONDUCT AS DEFENSE TO INFRINGEMENT.
(a) DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR APPLICANTS.——
(1) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 11 is amended by
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(b) INEQUITABLE CONDUCT AS DEFENSE TO INFRINGEMENT.—Section 282 is amended—
(1) in the first undesignated paragraph, by striking ‘‘A patent’’ and inserting ‘‘(a) IN GEN3
ERAL.—A patent’’;
(2) in the second undesignated paragraph, by striking ‘‘The following’’ and inserting ‘‘(b) DEFENSES.—The following’’;
(3) in the third undesignated paragraph—
(A) by striking ‘‘In actions’’ and inserting
‘‘(d) NOTICE OF ACTIONS; PLEADING.—In actions’’; and
11 (B) by inserting after the second sentence the following: ‘‘In actions involving allegations of inequitable conduct under subsection (c), the party asserting this defense or claim shall comply with the pleading requirements set forth in Rule 9(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.’’ ;
(4) in the fourth undesignated paragraph, by striking ‘‘Invalidity’’ and inserting ‘‘(e) EXTENSION OF PATENT TERM.—Invalidity’’; and
(5) by inserting after subsection (b), as designated by paragraph (2) of this section, the following:
‘‘(c) INEQUITABLE CONDUCT.—
‘‘(1) DEFENSE.—A patent may be held to be unenforceable for inequitable conduct if, by clear
and convincing evidence, it is shown that the patentee, its agents, or another person with a duty of disclosure to the Office, with intent to mislead or deceive the patent examiner, failed to disclose material information or submitted materially false information concerning any claim during prosecution of the patent. Patents related to a patent with a claim that is found unenforceable due to inequitable conduct may also be held to be unenforceable.
‘‘(2) MATERIALITY AND INTENT.—
‘‘(A) MATERIALITY.—For purposes of paragraph (1), material information is any in formation that a reasonable patent examiner would consider important in deciding whether to allow the patent application. Information is material to patentability when it is not cumulative to information already of record in the application.
‘‘(B) INTENT.—In order to prove intent to mislead or deceive under paragraph (1), specific facts beyond materiality of the information submitted or not disclosed must be proven that
25 support an inference of intent to mislead or deceive the Patent and Trademark Office. Facts support an inference of intent if they show circumstances that indicate conscious or deliberate behavior on the part of the patentee, its agents, or another person with a duty of disclosure to the Office, to not disclose material information or to submit materially false information.
‘‘(3) ATTORNEY MISCONDUCT.—Upon a finding of inequitable conduct, if there is evidence that the conduct can be attributable to a person or persons authorized to practice before the Office, the court shall refer the matter to the Office for appropriate disciplinary action under section 32, and shall order the parties to preserve and make available to the Office any materials that may be relevant to the determination under section 32.’’.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—
(1) SUBSECTION (a).—The amendments made by subsection (a)—
(A) shall take effect at the end of the 1 year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act; and
(B) shall apply to any application for patent filed on or after the effective date under
subparagraph (A).
(2) SUBSECTION (b).—The amendments made by subsection (b) shall apply to any civil action commenced on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
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